A gas has the lowest density of the states, since the particles are loosely packed (more spread out).A liquid has a density between a solid and a gas.A solid has the highest density of the states, since the particles are tightly packed (a given mass fits into a smaller volume or space).The state of a substance affects density indirectly by changing the volume of a given mass. This is the exact value we found by direct calculation.
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(new density) = 6.25 grams per cubic centimeter.This gives us percentages of X = 0 for mass and Y = -0.2 (-20%) for volume. The mass remained the same, but the volume decreased by 20% (from 100 cubic centimeters to 80 cubic centimeters). We can also figure out the new density by using the percent increases for mass and volume. Density = 6.25 grams per cubic centimeter.Density = 500 grams / 80 cubic centimeters.Density = 500 grams / 100 cubic centimetersĪfter it is condensed, the substance has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 80 cubic centimeters.(new density) = ((1 + X) / (1 + Y))*(old density) Example: Finding The New Density Of A SubstanceĪt first, a substance has a mass of 500 grams and a volume of 100 cubic centimeters.If we increase the mass by some percentage X and increase the volume by some percentage Y, then we can find the new density as a percentage of the old density by the equation This is why there is more mass in a given volume: because there are more particles within that space. An increase in volume with the same mass decreases density, while a decrease in volume with the same mass increases density (since volume is in the denominator).Ī higher density means that the particles (atoms or molecules) in a substance are more tightly packed together.An increase in mass with the same volume increases density, while a decrease in mass with the same volume decreases density (since mass is in the numerator).Similarly, if a given mass is condensed into a smaller space (for example, by high pressure), the density is higher.Īs you can see from the density equation, mass and volume have a direct effect on density: In fact, a block of lead will float in liquid mercury! Lead is dense, but mercury (shown here) is even denser. The more mass there is in a given space, the higher the density. First, we have the equation for density, which is given by:īasically, density tells us how much mass is in a given space. Let’s start with the basics to see how each of these factors can affect density. Altitude (indirect effect, since a change in altitude can cause temperature or pressure changes) How Do Mass & Volume Affect Density?.Pressure (indirect effect, since a change in pressure can cause state or volume to change).Temperature (indirect effect, since a change in temperature can cause state or volume to change).State (indirect effect, since a change of state changes volume of a given mass).
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